When Nature Meets Design: The Surprising Truth About Harmful Green Buildings. toxic biophilic design?

Dennis Asis
Aug 21
4 min read

Modern glass building with large windows reflecting green trees and plants outside and inside. Sunlit, tranquil atmosphere. — Biophilic design in action: A building seamlessly integrates nature with its modern glass architecture, surrounded by lush greenery and featuring interior plants, embodying the harmony of urban living and natural elements.

In recent years, the idea of biophilic design has captured the attention of architects and city planners alike. The core principle is straightforward: by integrating natural elements into our buildings, we can boost our well-being and strengthen our bond with nature. But as the trend of ‘green’ buildings expands, it is crucial to uncover the unexpected drawbacks that can occur when biophilic design is not executed thoughtfully. This post explores the surprising reality of how some green buildings, despite good intentions, can harm ecosystems.

The Allure of Biophilic Design

Biophilic design is based on the belief that humans naturally connect with nature. This bond can be nurtured through features like green walls, indoor gardens, and large windows that let in natural light. The beauty of biophilic design lies in its potential to create healthier and more enjoyable spaces.

However, designers sometimes overlook the complexities of local ecosystems in their zeal for plants and natural features. For example, a building in downtown Atlanta might flourish with a lush green wall full of ferns and ivy—plants that need constant irrigation and support. But this choice may not consider Atlanta’s unpredictable rainfall patterns, leading to potential water waste or erosion.

Modern library lobby with lush green wall, large windows, and wooden ceiling. Chairs and plants create a serene atmosphere. Sign reads "Biblio." — A modern interior space exemplifies biophilic design, featuring a lush green wall, abundant natural light from large windows, and an array of indoor plants, creating a harmonious connection with nature.

The Dark Side of Green Roofs -toxic biophilic design?

Green roofs are widely celebrated for their ability to lower urban heat, enhance air quality, and improve insulation. While these advantages are significant, they can also have ecological drawbacks.

Green roofs could possibly alter local water runoff patterns. When rainwater is retained by the vegetation, it creates less water for soil and plants below, which can change drainage dynamics and cause increased runoff in surrounding areas. This interruption can lead to soil erosion and possibly damage local waterways. toxic biophilic design

Rooftop garden on modern building in urban cityscape, with greenery, trees, and pathways. Surrounding tall buildings under clear sky. — A modern urban building showcases an extensive green roof, highlighting its benefits for reducing urban heat, improving air quality, and enhancing insulation amidst potential ecological challenges.

Invasive Species: A Hidden Threat

Another concern with biophilic design is the possible introduction of non-native plants. To achieve vibrant outdoor spaces, designers might select plants that thrive away from their natural habitats. While these plants can grow abundantly, they often outcompete native species, undermining local biodiversity.

A prime example is the use of the Japanese honeysuckle, which spreads rapidly in the United States. When it takes root, it can choke out vital native plants; invasive species like these can contribute to the decline of endangered species. This outcome undermines the very ecosystems biophilic design seeks to enhance.

Bright yellow flowers against a sunny park backdrop, green grass, and trees. Pathway leads into the distance. Calm and serene mood. — A sunny day in the park with yellow honeysuckle flowers in the foreground basking in the warm glow, surrounded by lush greenery and a tranquil walking path.

The Misguided Use of Water Features

Water features, including ponds and fountains, are commonly included in biophilic designs for their calming effects. However, they can inadvertently cause problems for local ecosystems.

Artificial ponds, if poorly maintained, may turn into breeding grounds for mosquitoes. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported that stagnant water can significantly increase mosquito populations, leading to a rise in diseases such as West Nile Virus. Moreover, if water features disrupt the natural flow of local water systems, they may affect nearby wildlife habitats.

Fountain with cascading water in a tranquil park setting, surrounded by greenery and buildings in the background under a calm sky. — A tranquil fountain serves as a centerpiece in a biophilic design, offering serene beauty while potentially impacting the surrounding ecosystem.

The Importance of Local Context

Understanding local context is vital for successful biophilic design. Each ecosystem is unique, and what benefits one area may not work for another.

Designers should invest time in researching local flora and fauna, along with the environmental conditions specific to the region. For example, a bathroom design plan in a coastal city might benefit from moisture-tolerant plants that flourish in sandy soil conditions, while a similar project in a desert area would call for drought-resistant species. By honoring the local environment, designers can create spaces that genuinely enhance the natural surroundings.

Modern bathroom with large indoor planter, tropical plants under circular skylight, ocean view through glass walls, and sleek fixtures. — Incorporating the beauty of local flora, this elegantly designed coastal bathroom features a central indoor garden with moisture-tolerant plants, harmonizing luxury with nature.

Sustainable Materials: A Double-Edged Sword

Using sustainable materials is a key feature of green building practices. While it is crucial to prioritize eco-friendly options, the sourcing and production of some materials can have unintended negative impacts.

Take bamboo, often praised for its rapid growth and renewability. Yet, unsustainable harvesting practices can lead to deforestation and habitat loss. Irresponsible bamboo harvesting can lead to significant soil erosion, disrupting local ecosystems. Similarly, while recycled materials contribute to sustainability, their production can sometimes involve high energy costs, which may negate their environmental advantages.

Bamboo stalks stand and lie on a wooden deck under a pergola, with a modern building in the background. Sunlight casts soft shadows. — Bamboo segments showcased in a modern architectural setting highlight the role of sustainable materials in green building practices, while prompting reflection on the environmental impacts of their sourcing and production.

The Role of Community Engagement

Creating spaces that serve both people and the surrounding environment requires active community involvement. Engaging local communities in the design process is essential to ensure that the needs and values of ecosystems are respected.

For example, when a new park was designed in Seattle, community workshops were held to gather input from residents and environmental experts. This collaboration resulted in a design that not only included beautiful natural spaces but also incorporated native plants that support local wildlife. By encouraging collaboration, it is possible to create biophilic designs that are both visually appealing and ecologically sustainable.

Hand pointing at a colorful landscape plan with trees and paths on paper; pen nearby; warm indoor lighting. — A community member reviews a landscape design that integrates both human needs and ecological values, highlighting the importance of collaborative planning in sustainable development.

A Call for Thoughtful Design

As biophilic design continues to become mainstream, it is crucial to approach it with a critical mindset. While many green buildings are built with noble intentions, improper execution can harm local ecosystems.

Focusing on local context, engaging communities, and being aware of the ecological impacts of materials and design choices can help create spaces that truly honor nature. Let us strive for designs that benefit both people and the ecosystems around them, ensuring that our built environments work in harmony with the world we inhabit.